PHARMACOPOEIA : USP

CAS NUMBER : 94-78-0

Phenazopyridine is a chemical which, when excreted into the urine, has a local analgesic effect. It is often used to alleviate the pain, irritation, discomfort, or urgency caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, or injury to the urinary tract. Phenazopyridine was discovered by bernhard joos, the founder of cilag.

MEDICAL USES : Phenazopyridine is prescribed for its local analgesic effects on the urinary tract. It is sometimes used in conjunction with an antibiotic or other anti-infective medication at the beginning of treatment to help provide immediate symptomatic relief. Phenazopyridine does not treat infections or injury; it is only used for symptom relief. It is recommended that it be used for no longer than the first two days of antibacterial treatment as longer treatment may mask symptoms.

Phenazopyridine is also prescribed for other cases requiring relief from irritation or discomfort during urination. For example, it is often prescribed after the use of an in-dwelling foley catheter, endoscopic (cystoscopy) procedures, or after urethral, prostate, or urinary bladder surgery which may result in irritation of the epithelial lining of the urinary tract.

The american urological association has recommended the use of phenazopyridine as a first stage treatment for interstitial cystitis.

This medication is not used to treat infection and may mask symptoms of inappropriately treated uti. It provides symptom relief during a uti, following surgery, or injury to the urinary tract. Uti therapy should be limited to 1-2 days.[2] long-term use of phenazopyridine can mask symptoms.

PHARMACOPOEIA : IP / BP / EP

CAS NUMBER : 18683-91-5

Ambroxol is a drug that breaks up phlegm, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. Recently, a hypothesis suggested that it may have a potential role in treatment of paget's disease of bone, parkinsonism, and other common diseases of aging-associated diseases involving dysfunction of autophagy. It is the active ingredient of mucosolvan, mucobrox, mucol, lasolvan, mucoangin, surbronc, ambolar, and lysopain. The substance acts on mucus membranes, restoring the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract (which play an important role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms) through several mechanisms, including breaking up phlegm, stimulating mucus production, and stimulating synthesis and release of surfactant by type ii pneumocytes. Surfactant acts as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents. Ambroxol is often administered as an active ingredient in cough syrup.

MEDICAL USES : Ambroxol is indicated as "secretolytic therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport. It promotes mucus clearance, facilitates expectoration and eases productive cough, allowing patients to breathe freely and deeply".

There are many different formulations developed since the first marketing authorisation in 1978. Ambroxol is available as syrup, tablets, pastilles, dry powder sachets, inhalation solution, drops and ampules as well as effervescent tablets.

Ambroxol also provides pain relief in acute sore throat. Pain in sore throat is the hallmark of acute pharyngitis. Sore throat is usually caused by a viral infection. The infection is self limited and the patient recovers normally after a few days. What is most bothering for the patient is the continuous pain in the throat maximized when the patient is swallowing. The main goal of treatment is thus to reduce pain. The main property of ambroxol for treating sore throat is the local anaesthetic effect, described first in the late 1970s, but explained and confirmed in more recent work.

PHARMACOPOEIA : USP

CAS NUMBER : 103-16-2

SYNONYM : 4-(Benzyloxy)Phenol , Monobenzyl Ether Of Hydroquinone (Mbeh)

Monobenzone, also called 4-(benzyloxy)phenol and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (mbeh) is an organic chemical in the phenol family with chemical formula c6h5ch2oc6h4oh. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation. It is a colourless solid that is classified as the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. Monobenzone is soluble in alcohol, benzene, and diethyl ether, and practically insoluble in water.

MEDICAL USES : The topical application of monobenzone in animals increases the excretion of melanin from melanocytes. The same action is thought to be responsible for the depigmenting effect of the drug in humans. Monobenzone may cause destruction of melanocytes and permanent depigmentation.

The histology of the skin after depigmentation with topical monobenzone is the same as that seen in vitiligo; the epidermisis normal except for the absence of identifiable melanocytes. Therefore, monobenzone is used as a topical medicine to permanently depigment normal skin surrounding vitiliginous lesions only in patients with disseminated (greater than 50 percent of body surface area) idiopathic vitiligo. Monobenzone is also being considered for the treatment of melanoma.

De-pigmenting normal skin in people with vitiligo.

Other Uses : Monobenzone is also used to derive dyes for fiber dyeing and is used in the rubber industry.

PHARMACOPOEIA : USP

CAS NUMBER : 606-04-2

SYNONYM : 4-(Benzyloxy)Phenol , Monobenzyl Ether Of Hydroquinone (Mbeh)

Pamabrom is a diuretic product included in retail drugs available in over-the-counter medications. The active diuretic ingredient in pamabrom is 8-bromotheophylline and it also contains aminoisobutanol.

Pamabrom is available in combination with acetaminophen (paracetamol) for various conditions such as back pain and menstrual relief. The acetaminophen helps reduce menstrual pains and the pamabrom reduces associated bloating. The combination is available in a number of products from various brands under different names. The dosages are essentially the same for each brand, including generic drug store varieties.